A Postnational Double-Displacement: The Blurring of Anti-Roma Violence from Romania to Northern Ireland

摘要: McElroy A Postnational Double-Displacement: The Blurring of Anti-Roma Violence from Romania to Northern Ireland Erin I. From Belfast and Back: Double-Displacement Roma in a Europe I don't mind the Poles Slovakians who come here. They work hard, harder than indigenous people here, but all you see now are these Romanians begging mooching about. We'd be better off - them us if they went back or somewhere else Loyalist South Belfast, quoted MacDonald, 2009 And so one has wonder: Gypsies really nomadic by “nature,” have become because never been allowed stay? Isabel Fonseca, Bury Me Standing: Their Journey, 1995 On June 11, 2009, gang 1 youth smashed windows damaged cars members Belfast’s Romanian 2 community an area known as Holylands. Holylands borders space called Village, stronghold infamous during height Troubles 3 for sectarian paramilitary violence. . 4 Like other Although not Catholics Republicans, although Protestants North Loyalists, largely, Republicans Catholic legacies Loyalists Protestant ones. discursive difference between each group's sovereignty is stark, painting topography incommensurability. Many still labor freed British governance, while elicit that too existed centuries now. Both groups' struggles little do with religious differences, instead different historicity religionized. 2012 European Commissioner Human Rights defines Europe’s largest “most vulnerable minority” (Commissioner 2012: 31). Today there 10 12 million living Europe. ancestors left northern India around 10th century, most likely slave attachments Ottoman armies. Culturally heterogeneous, varying terms language, religion, occupation, way life. Romania's 2011 census found number 619,007, 3.2% total population (see CCPRPL 2012). Council estimates actually 1,500,000 2,500,000 CoE 2002). signify period state, paramilitary, violence 1969 1999, concluding signing power sharing 1999 “Good Friday” Agreement. resulted 3,627 deaths McKeown 2009). contest effectiveness Ireland's transitional justice model, continues this day. which died (McKeown There active