MEKKs, GCKs, MLKs, PAKs, TAKs, and tpls: upstream regulators of the c-Jun amino-terminal kinases?

摘要: Abstract Regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members — which include extracellular response kinases (ERKs), p38/HOG1, and c-Jun amino-terminal (JNKs) plays a central role in mediating effects diverse stimuli encompassing cytokines, hormones, growth factors stresses such as osmotic imbalance, heat shock, inhibition synthesis irradiation. A rapidly increasing number that activate JNK pathways has been described recently, including MAPK/ERK kinases, p21-activated germinal center kinase, mixed lineage tumor progression locus 2, TGF-β-activated kinase. Thus, regulation pathway provides an interesting example how many different can converge into regulating critical for determination cell fate.