摘要: This heterogeneous group of immunologic causes pleural effusions includes connective tissue diseases, a syndrome related to injury (postcardiac syndrome), disease unknown etiology (sarcoidosis), malignancy, and adverse reactions drugs. Except in rheumatoid pleurisy lupus pleuritis, the fluid findings are either nonspecific or have not been characterized fully. The clinical presentation is essential presumptive diagnosis these effusions.
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