Balancing ecosystem function, services and disservices resulting from expanding goose populations.

摘要: As goose populations increase in abundance, their influence on ecological processes is increasing. We review the evidence for key functions of wild Eurasia and North America, including aquatic invertebrate plant propagule transport, nutrient deposition terrestrial ecosystems, vegetation biomass, carbon storage methane emission, species diversity disease transmission. To estimate implications growing abundance humans, we explore how these contribute to provision ecosystem services disservices. assess weight, extent trends among such impacts, as well balance value society. examine unresolved issues enable a more balanced assessment economic costs or benefits migratory geese along flyways, spatial temporal variation contrasting different user groups. Many are concluded provide neither nor disservices and, currently appear outweigh services, although this varies between regions. consider an improved quantification disservices, vary population flyways with respect valuing certain cultural under management scenarios aimed at reducing essential populations.