作者: Ana CARDOSO , Gary FREE , Peeter NOGES , Øyvind KASTE , Sandra POIKANE
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012370626-3.00244-1
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摘要: Lakes are of importance for their heritage, ecological, and aesthetical value. However, lakes subjected to enormous stress from industry emissions, sewage, agricultural run-off, hydrological modifications, human-induced climate changes. The six major pressures affecting today (1) eutrophication; (2) hydromorphological modifications; (3) acidification; (4) alien species; (5) hazardous substances; (6) Effective management is therefore critical lake preservation restoration as both a heritage asset also resource benefiting the human population it requires focus on ecosystem elements indicative these pressures. Having comprehensive suite quality indicators at manager's disposal will allow evaluation extent pressure its influence ecosystem's structure functioning. There still significant knowledge gaps in our understanding how respond certain particular combination To resolve problem, managers may need define hierarchy among identify priority actions appropriate geographical scale. The unit water watershed level this context that assessment criteria relating should be incorporated into decision support system interpretation regarding functioning ecosystems. usefulness reevaluated ability reflect relevance biota.