Impacts of changing climate and snow cover on the flow regime of Jhelum River, Western Himalayas

摘要: This study examines the change in climate variables and snow cover dynamics their impact on hydrological regime of Jhelum River basin Western Himalayas. utilized daily streamflow records from Mangla dam, spanning a time period 19 years (1995–2013), along with precipitation temperature data over 52 (1961–2013) 12 different stations catchment. Additionally, moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing product MOD10A2 was to analyze during 2000–2013. The Pearson Kendall rank correlation tests were used scrutinize trends between temperature, precipitation, area (SCA) streamflows records. Basin-wide trend analysis showed slightly increasing tendency (τ = 0.098) 0.094), 1961–2013. changes indicated positive (r > 0.12) relationship respect but variable −0.45–0.41) both winter monsoon seasons. indicates that has significant basin. MODIS data-based investigations suggested an expansion SCA high-altitude zones (>2000 m a.s.l.) depicted stronger compared those obtained for low-altitude regions (<2000 a.s.l.). Overall, these results signify areas contribute largely form snow- glacier-melt early summer season. is then further augmented by rainfall low-elevation late summer.