Olivocochlear efferents: Their action, effects, measurement and uses, and the impact of the new conception of cochlear mechanical responses.

摘要: Abstract The anatomy and physiology of olivocochlear (OC) efferents are reviewed. To help interpret these, recent advances in cochlear mechanics also Lateral OC (LOC) innervate primary auditory-nerve (AN) fiber dendrites. most important LOC function may be to reduce auditory neuropathy. Medial (MOC) the outer hair cells (OHCs) act turn down gain amplification. Cochlear amplification had been thought only through basilar membrane (BM) motion, but reports show that motion near reticular lamina (RL) is amplified more than BM RL-motion extends several octaves below local characteristic frequency. Data on efferent effects AN-fiber responses, otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) human psychophysics reviewed reinterpreted light new cochlear-mechanical data. possible origin OAEs RL considered. MOC-effect measuring methods MOC-induced changes responses reviewed, including ipsilateral contralateral sound can produce MOC with different patterns across damage due acoustic trauma. Many, not all, subjects stronger contralaterally-evoked have better ability detect signals (e.g. speech) noise, modulated by attention.