When Labour and Capital Collude: The Varieties of Welfare Capitalism and Early Retirement in Europe, Japan and the USA

摘要: The institutionalisation of early retirement has become a universal feature postwar industrial economies, though there are significant cross-national variations. This paper studies the impact different types welfare regimes, production systems and labour relations on exit from work. After an analysis main trends, discusses costs benefits for various actors — labour, capital state at levels. outlines both "pull” "push” factors exit. It first compares distinct regimes private occupational pensions in their retirement. Then it looks labour-shedding strategies inherent to particular employment financial governance structures. Finally, systems, especially role unions is discussed. finds intricate "institutional complementarities” between states, these structure incentives under which make decisions work argues that "collusion” capital, pursuing not merely following strategy ease mass unemployment, but also caused by need economic restructuration, downsizing pressures markets, maintenance peaceful relations, consequences seniority system. ∗ A shorter version will be published in: Bernhard Ebbinghaus Philip Manow (eds.) Varieties Welfare Capitalism: Social Policy Political Economy Europe, Japan USA. London: Routledge (forthcoming).