Associations of Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor-15 and ST2 Concentrations With Subclinical Vascular Brain Injury and Incident Stroke

摘要: Background and Purpose—Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) soluble (s)ST2 are markers of cardiac vascular stress. We investigated the associations between circulating concentrations these biomarkers incident stroke subclinical brain injury in a sample from Framingham Offspring cohort. Methods—We followed 3374 stroke- dementia-free individuals (mean age, 59.0±9.7 years; 53% women) attending sixth examination cycle 11.8±3.0 years for stroke. A subsample 2463 underwent magnetic resonance imaging neuropsychological testing ≈4.0±1.7 after examination. Results—After adjustment traditional cardiovascular risk factors, B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, urine albumin levels, higher stress biomarker levels were associated cross-sectionally with lower volumes (β coefficients intracranial volume comparing fourth [Q4] versus first [Q1] quartiles...