A review of hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle and buffalo.

摘要: Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS), an acute, fatal and septicemic disease of cattle buffaloes caused by Pasteurella multocida, is important in tropical regions the world, especially African Asian countries. The prevalence has been well documented with predominant isolation P. multocida serotypes B:2 E:2. Conventional methods identification such as serotyping, biotyping, antibiogram determination pathogenicity molecular (P. multocida-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a serogroup B-specific PCR assay, multiplex capsular typing system loop-mediated isothermal amplification techniques) characterization (restriction endonuclease analysis, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA repetitive extragenic palidromic enterobacterial intergenic consensus analysis) are applied parallel for rapid epidemiological investigations HS outbreaks. Although several vaccine formulations including alum precipitated, oil adjuvant multiple emulsion vaccines commercially available, quest suitable broadly protective long-lasting immunity on upsurge. Concurrently, attempts being made to unravel mysteries pathogen its virulence factors, pathogenesis determinants diversity among strains multocida. This review highlights advances these various aspects HS.