In Situ Retorting and Refining of Hydrocarbons

摘要: A method of producing hydrocarbons in situ from a fixed-bed hydrocarbon formation disposed below ground surface and having higher permeability zone substantially parallel to, between top lower bottom zone. The steps include providing at least one injection well first second production wells the zone, injecting heated thermal-energy carrier fluid (TECF) into well, circulating through creating horizontal heating element (ISHE) for mobilizing hydrocarbons.