Peripatric speciation associated with genome expansion and female-biased sex ratios in the moss genus Ceratodon

摘要: PREMISE OF THE STUDY: A period of allopatry is widely believed to be essential for the evolution reproductive isolation. However, strict may difficult achieve in some cosmopolitan, spore-dispersed groups, like mosses. Here we examine genetic and genome size diversity Mediterranean populations moss Ceratodon purpureus s.l. evaluate role ploidy change population divergence. METHODS: We sampled genus from mountainous areas lowlands region, western central Europe. performed phylogenetic coalescent analyses on sequences five nuclear introns a chloroplast locus reconstruct their evolutionary history. also estimated using flow cytometry, employing propidium iodide, determined sex sex-linked PCR marker. KEY RESULTS: Two well differentiated clades were resolved, discriminating two homogeneous groups: widespread C. local group mostly restricted mountains southern Spain. The latter possessed 25% larger than purpureus, samples this consist entirely females. found hybrids, them had equivalent sum Spanish genome, suggesting that they arose by allopolyploidy.