Is rebuilding collapsed fisheries a wicked problem ?:lessons from a fish chain analysis of northern gulf cod fisheries

摘要: As with many collapsed fisheries worldwide, the rebuilding of Newfoundland's Northern Gulf cod fishery has been a huge challenge to coastal communities, resource users, scientists, and policy makers. Almost twenty years after moratorium was declared in early 1990s, stocks are below conservation limit reference points; only small quotas available for commercial recreational fisheries, strong possibility exists that will be listed as endangered. Not have these other regional Atlantic slow rebuild, fishing industry also faces challenges along production chain, from harvesting processing, marketing. While restructured reliance on groundfisheries towards an emphasis shellfisheries, persist dependent communities regions such Great Peninsula struggling survive. -- A review global experience demonstrate is 'wicked' problem; meaning go beyond scientific technical solutions, socioeconomic sociopolitical concerns. Rebuilding differs recovery it perceives coupled social-ecological entities connected larger societies economy. takes into account both current future generations related equity issues including who pays costs benefits long term. The imperatives multidimensional include food security, livelihoods, revenue, cultural heritage, ecosystem services. Using case study thesis examines reasons why wicked problem, explores governance options dealing multifaceted problems. It employs 'fish chain' approach (that entails three stages - pre-harvest, harvest, post-harvest stages) order generate insights identify stalled rebuilding, well seek opportunities collaborative efforts. analysis relies existing statistical data, peer-reviewed literature, taskforce documents, findings key informant interviews conducted fish chain pre-and post-collapse era. suggest changes, patterns, transitional livelihood options, changing seafood markets, consumer preferences certified seafood, power relations, instruments at different contributed stall rebuilding. These factors illustrate how problem. Findings indicate could facilitated using multispecies ecosystem-based approaches pay attention by-catch discards; incorporating effective gear use policies, stewardship incentives, integrated programs, value-addition, bridging scale-mismatches between ecosystems, activities, institutions. Addressing distributional intergenerational concerns, community capacity building, changes relationships stakeholders central successful longer Related this, suggests 'clumsy' bring together diverse perspectives multiple play role creating more institutional spaces Some clumsy stronger support bottom-up initiatives respond economic development needs; co-governance arrangements stakeholder groups; marketing take advantage local, choices; meeting local security needs Finally, partnerships across levels government, addition civil society inputs, critical Newfoundland provide lessons efforts rebuild worldwide.