Eco-systems biology--from the gene to the stream.

摘要: This review considers the implications for environmental health and ecosystem sustainability, of new developments in radiobiology ecotoxicology. Specifically it how non-targeted effects low doses radiation, which are currently being scrutinized experimentally, not only mirror similar from chemical stressors but may actually lead to unpredictable emergent at higher hierarchical levels. The position is argued that mechanistically important coordinating phased transitions (i.e. occur a regulated sequence). field multiple (both radiation chemical) highly complex agents can interact an additive, antagonist or synergistic manner. outcome following dose stressor exposure also impacted by context received, perceived communicated organism tissue. Modern biology has given us very sensitive methods examine changes interaction with biological systems several levels organization translation these observations ultimate risk remains difficult resolve. Since norm environment, essential move away single stressor-based protection develop tools, including legal instruments, will enable use response-based assessment. Radiation includes consideration humans non-humans as separate groups requiring assessment frameworks. because humans, individual survival prevention cancer paramount animals, considered sufficient protect populations concern. need revisit this discussed perspective human importance "pollution" (a generic term stressors) cause non-cancer disease increasingly recognized. Finally way forward involving experimental biomarker performance theoretical framework allowing modeling suggested.