Extraoperative Cortical Stimulation and Mapping

摘要: Accurate identification of eloquent cortical areas is paramount importance for safe surgical resection in cases medically intractable epilepsy or glioma cases. Despite all the recent advances functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor (DTI) as well source high-density surface EEGs, direct electrical stimulation remains gold standard accurately outlining areas. Intraoperatively employed mapping through an awake craniotomy not always feasible. Patients with anxiety fear undergoing procedure, those conditions contraindicating pediatric patients may be suitable craniotomy. In these cases, also refractory which invasive EEG monitoring required localizing any epileptogenic focus/i, safely accomplished extraoperative via implanted subdural and/or depth electrodes. This chapter presents preparation, preoperative planning, processes their nuances. The associated complications electrode implantation are presented. Moreover, future perspectives briefly