The equatorial E-region and its plasma instabilities: a tutorial

摘要: In this short tutorial we first briefly review the basic physics of E-region equatorial ionosphere, with emphasis on strong electrojet current system that drives plasma instabilities and generates waves are easily detected by radars rocket probes. We then discuss themselves, both theory some examples observational data. These have now been studied for about half a century (!), beginning IGY, particularly at Jicamarca Radio Observatory in Peru. The linear fluid important processes is well understood, but there still questions kinetic effects, not to mention considerable amount work be done before full quantitative understanding limiting nonlinear determine details what actually observe. As our techniques, especially radar improve, find answers, also more questions. One difficulty studying natural phenomena, such as these instabilities, cannot perform active cause-and-effect experiments; limited inputs responses nature provides. one hope here steadily growing capability numerical simulations. If can accurately simulate relevant physics, control measure great detail. Unfortunately, problem inherently three-dimensional, need somewhat computer power than currently available, although come long way.