Chloride cell responses to long‐term exposure to distilled and hard water in the gill of the armored catfish, Hypostomus tietensis (Loricariidae)

摘要: The morphological changes in the gill chloride cells of armored catfish, Hypostomus tietensis, were investigated after 15 days’ exposure to either distilled or hard water. thickness water–blood barrier lamellae increased significantly fish kept water due high proliferation cells. apical surface about 68% was sharply reduced by development an crypt with a sponge-like surface, although no change cell fractional area found. In contrast, H. tietensis Na+, Cl− and Ca2+ rich displayed significant number their morphology compared control fish. Chloride response ion challenge H. tietensis suggested involvement different strategies maintain homeostasis ion-poor water, which may be related life history species.