National planning in South Africa : a temporal perspective

摘要: This article aims to provide a temporal and critical perspective on national spatial planning since the 1970s until most recent directive in 2012. From first policy initiative, National Physical Development Plan (1975), radical changes have occurred various approaches planning. The South Africa is (2012), which has diversified approach with political, social economic goals. In past four decades, directives moved through balanced unbalanced regional growth approaches. top-down of rigid area-specific transformed into bottom-up more adaptable, socially oriented interpretation-based years. process, Africa’s evolved from dominated by political objectives 1960s multi-sectoral purports be based only principles free-market system; one strong government intervention minor intervention. general perception this that some these policies are substantially attributed effective socio-economic development due lack spatially focused initiatives.