Assessment of fetal growth.

摘要: Normal fetal growth is a logarithmic process, marked by rapid mitosis at its early stages and cellular hypertrophy the accumulation of fat, glycogen, connective tissue later in gestation. Growth-retarding influences can alter cell number, with symmetric pattern IUGR resulting if they occur early. Later insults, result uteroplacental compromise, affect size may cause an asymmetric retardation. Fetuses retardation are particular risk for intrauterine demise distress labor. The assessment complicated lack clear definition what constitutes normality. Fetal curves should be derived from uncomplicated pregnancies. Separate available on basis multiple gestation sex, maternal parity, ethnic-racial grouping. Correction factors height prepregnancy weight as well sibling birth would useful. Birth weight-derived data suspect preterm gestations; sonographic improve accuracy. Without sensitive epidemiologic assessment, other modalities (clinical, biochemical, sonographic) will have limited usefulness. include clinical means but care must taken to garner meticulous history record precisely serial fundal height. Many biochemical methods been proposed detection role screening tests. Ultrasound remains best method diagnosis, characterization, follow-up IUGR. Ultrasonography allows precise estimation weight. calculation HC:AC ratios characterization Evaluation amniotic fluid volume placental grading search congenital anomalies helpful exercises. Doppler flow studies uterine blood provide understanding severity growth-retarding process. Finally, careful antenatal surveillance judicious timing delivery required following identification Delivery planned concert neonatologist.