Northern Hemisphere mid-winter vortex-displacement and vortex-split stratospheric sudden warmings: Influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation

摘要: We investigate the connection between equatorial Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and different types of Northern Hemisphere mid-winter major stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs), i.e., vortex-displacement vortex-split SSWs. The MJO-SSW relationship for SSWs is stronger than that SSWs, as a result more coherent eastward propagating MJOs before those Composite analysis indicates both intensity propagation features MJO may influence MJO-related circulation pattern at high latitudes type A pronounced Quasi-Biennial (QBO) dependence found with (-split) occurring preferentially in easterly (westerly) QBO phases. lagged composites suggest anomalies Arctic are very likely initiated when convection active over Indian Ocean (around phase 3). Further suggests modulate wave disturbances via its on upper tropospheric subtropical jet. As result, tends to be number-one/wave number-two ~25–30 days following 3 (i.e., approximately phases 7–8, western Pacific) during easterly/westerly phases, which resembles associated vortex-displacement/vortex-split