Climate variation effects on fungal fruiting

摘要: Earth's climate is changing. Effects of change on fungal distribution and activity are hard to predict because they mediated in many different ways, including: physiology, reproduction survival, host spatial temporal hosts, resource availability competition. Currently it monitor such effects mycelium the field, but fruit bodies provide a useful surrogate. Here we review phenological changes fruiting body yield, hosts distribution, particularly saprotrophic ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes. We report that phenology changing European countries: average, season extending, though for some species contracting; ecological groups behave differently; time depends geographical location; fungi now early year as well autumn, spring getting earlier; appear be hosts; yields vary dramatically from year; amount, duration frequency influenced by numerous environmental factors. also consider difficulties assessing distributional data, suggestions future research directions at interface laboratory experiments field observations, including molecular approaches monitoring systems.