Racial and ethnic differences in the experience and treatment of noncancer pain.

摘要: The burden of pain is unequal across racial and ethnic groups. In addition to differences in the experience pain, there are disparities assessment treatment pain. this article, we provide a nonexhaustive review biopsychosocial mechanistic factors contributing both Using modified version Socioecological Model, focus on patient-, provider- system-level including coping, perceived bias discrimination, patient preferences, expectations, patient/provider communication, outcomes healthcare access. conclusion, psychosocial influencing highlight future research targets possible solutions reduce these disparities.