Cluster Beam Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials

摘要: 1. Introduction.- 2. Molecular Beams and Cluster Nucleation.- 2.1 Beams.- 2.1.1 Continuous Effusive 2.1.2 Supersonic 2.1.3 Pulsed 2.2 Nucleation Aggregation Processes.- 2.2.1 Classical Theory.- 2.2.2 Homogeneous by Monomer Addition.- 2.2.3 Aggregation.- 2.2.4 of Clusters in 2.2.5 Semi-empirical Approach to Clustering Free Jets.- 3. Sources.- 3.1 Vaporization Methods.- 3.1.1 Joule Heating.- 3.1.2 Plasma Generation for Production.- 3.1.3 Laser Vaporization.- 3.1.4 Glow Arc Discharges.- 3.2 3.2.1 Joule-Heated Gas 3.2.2 Magnetron 3.2.3 3.3 3.3.1 Valves.- 3.3.2 3.3.3 4. Characterization Manipulation 4.1 Mass Spectrometry.- 4.1.1 Quadrupole 4.1.2 Time-of-Flight 4.1.3 Retarding Potential 4.2 Detection 4.2.1 Ionization Clusters.- 4.2.2 Charged Detection.- 4.2.3 Beam Characterization.- 4.3 Selection Manipulation.- 4.3.1 Size Energy Selection.- 4.3.2 Filter.- 4.3.3 Separation Mixtures 5. Thin Film Deposition Surface Modification 5.1 Kinetic Regimes.- 5.2 Diffusion Coalescence on Surfaces.- 5.3 Low-Energy Deposition.- 5.3.1 Networks Porous Films.- 5.3.2 Composite Nanocrystalline Materials.- 5.4 High-Energy 5.4.1 Implantation, Sputtering, Etching.- 5.4.2 Formation.- 6. Outlook Perspectives.- 6.1 Processing 6.2 Nanostructured Materials Synthesis.- 6.3 References.