Chapter 32 Biological mechanisms of acupuncture

摘要: This chapter begins by briefly placing modem acupuncture in an historical context. leads, the following section, to a discussion of some technical difficulties and limitations experimental paradigms for study clinical efficacy acupuncture. Then, order provide background understanding biological underpinnings effects acupuncture, it undertakes brief review selected aspects literature concerned with evaluation as treatment modality various medical ailments. The mechanisms involved discusses on analgesic because little is known about foundation other effects. analysis analgesia examines data from both man animals. restricted primarily evidence indicating role endogenous opioids, these are assessed detail. There also extensive opioids animal models analgesia. These discussed well additional neural mechanisms.