Land productivity dynamics in and around protected areas globally from 1999 to 2013.

摘要: Tracking changes in total biomass production or land productivity is an essential part of monitoring transformations and long-term alterations the health productive capacity that are typically associated with degradation. Persistent declines impact many terrestrial ecosystem services form basis for sustainable livelihoods human communities. Protected areas (PAs) key to globally conserve biodiversity critical well-being, cover about 15% worldwide. Here we assess trends PAs at least 10 km2 their unprotected surroundings (10 km buffers) from 1999 2013. We quantify percentage protected shows stable, increasing decreasing productivity, quantified as (15 year) above-ground derived satellite-based observations a spatial resolution 1 km. find 44% has retained stable levels 2013, compared 42% around PAs. increases more common lands (32%) than within (18%) globally, while 14% 12% experienced productivity. Oceania highest (57%), whereas Europe lowest (38%) also largest share (32%). discuss observed differences between lands, different parts world, relation types activities on Our assessment dynamics helps characterise state, pressures globally. Further research may focus detailed analyses disentangle relative contribution specific drivers (from climate change use change) interaction potential degradation regions world.