Neurophysiology of swallowing.

摘要: Abstract Swallowing is a complex motor event that difficult to investigate in man by neurophysiological experiments. For this reason, the characteristics of brain stem pathways have been studied experimental animals. However, sequential and orderly activation swallowing muscles with monitoring laryngeal excursion can be recorded during deglutition. Although influenced sensory cortical inputs, muscle does not alter from perioral caudally cricopharyngeal sphincter muscle. This one evidence for existence central pattern generator human swallowing. The network includes nucleus tractus solitarius ambiguus reticular formation linking synaptically cranial motoneuron pools bilaterally. Under normal function, receives descending inputs cerebral cortex. cortex may trigger deglutition modulate activity. voluntarily initiated pharyngeal swallow involves several subcortical pathways. interactions regions above is, at present, fully understood, particularly humans. Functional neuroimaging methods were recently introduced into research. It has shown volitional represented multiple bilaterally but asymmetrically. Cortical organisation continuously changed continual modulatory ascending input output. Significance: Dysphagia severe symptom life threatening considerable number patients. Three-fourths oropharyngeal dysphagia caused neurological diseases. Thus, responsibility clinical neurologist neurophysiologist care dysphagic patients twofold. First, we should more acquainted physiology its disorders, order successfully. Second, need evaluate problems objectively using practical electromyography patients' management. functional imaging studies are also important accumulate data get information turn develop new effective treatment strategies