Estimating Groundwater Recharge for a Freshwater Lens in an Arid Region: Formative and Stability Assessment

摘要: The formation of subsurface freshwater lenses on top brackish groundwater is a fascinating hydrologic phenomenon that creates supplies great potential value in arid regions. Information the recharge quantity and mechanism these both scarce uncertain. This study examines macroscale stability Rawdatain lens Kuwait, for which significant pre‐development data are available. large (150 million m³) overlying compared to other Arabian Peninsula. In this study, three‐dimensional (3D) density‐dependent flow model tested against following targets estimate long‐term diffuse focused recharge: (i) head, (ii) total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration, (iii) volume vertical thickness stored three different water quality TDS ranges (0–700, 700–1000 1000–2000 mg/L) (iv) geometrical shape features along cross‐sections. To better represent spatial variation TDS, six zones were assigned allocate conditions. Twelve rate scenarios, encompassing wide range feasible average annual values (200,000–5,000,000 m³/year), multiple with age lens. Based comparison targets, estimated be 500,000 m³/year. Scenarios reduced recharge, may occur due changes land‐use or climate, demonstrate extremely slow response lens, agreement development (>2,000 years). Within 100‐year time frame, 50% reduction reduces volumes by 21, 17 9% categories, respectively. demonstrates regions also provides methodology similar rainfall lenses.