Policy strategies to address sustainability of Alaskan boreal forests in response to a directionally changing climate

摘要: Human activities are altering many factors that determine the fundamental properties of ecological and social systems. Is sustainability a realistic goal in world which key process controls directionally changing? To address this issue, we integrate several disparate sources theory to changing social–ecological systems, apply framework climate-warming impacts Interior Alaska, describe suite policy strategies emerge from these analyses. Climate warming Alaska has profoundly affected influence landscape processes (climate regulation disturbance spread) natural hazards, but only indirectly influenced ecosystem goods such as food, water, wood receive most management attention. Warming reduced cultural services provided by ecosystems, leading some few institutional responses directly causes climate warming, e.g., indigenous initiatives Arctic Council. Four broad emerge: (i) enhancing human adaptability through learning innovation context changes occurring at multiple scales; (ii) increasing resilience strengthening negative (stabilizing) feedbacks buffer system change options for adaptation biological, cultural, economic diversity; (iii) reducing vulnerability institutions link high-latitude their low-latitude causes; (iv) facilitating transformation new, potentially more beneficial states taking advantage opportunities created crisis. Each strategy provides societal benefits, suggest all them be pursued simultaneously.