作者: Nicholas Broadfield , Melinda T. McHenry
关键词:
摘要: Gorse (Ulex europeus L.) is a woody legume and invasive weed that has been introduced to temperate pastoral landscapes worldwide. Despite the apparent cosmopolitan distribution of gorse across much agroecological world, research practice pertaining management largely constrained single-treatments, regions, or timeframes. eradication widely attempted, with limited success. Using PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews meta-analysis) method quasi-metanalytical approach, we reviewed seminal ~299 papers management. We identified (i) ecological characteristics species predispose behaving invasively, (ii) success actions (from plant life history perspective) in reducing vigour impact. A broad niche, high reproductive output, propagule persistence, low vulnerability pests allow rapid landscape exploitation by throughout world. Additionally, there are differences flowering duration season northern southern hemisphere make particularly pernicious latter, as flowers twice per year. The implications these stages resistance environmental sieves after establishment activity efficacy control more likely be favourable juvenile stages. Common approaches control, including herbicides, biological controls, fire have not ubiquitously successful, may fact target very site resources—sward cover, soil stability, hydrological balance—that, when degraded, facilitate invasion. Ongoing seedling regeneration presents difficulties if goal, but facilitated competition reduce costs via natural suppression. Mechanical methods removal, though highly induce chronic erosion land degradation should hence used sparingly.