Enhancing the sustainability of commodity supply chains in tropical forest and agricultural landscapes

摘要: Abstract The rapid expansion of the production agricultural commodities such as beef, cocoa, palm oil, rubber and soybean is associated with high rates deforestation in tropical forest landscapes. Many state, civil society market sector actors are engaged developing implementing innovative interventions that aim to enhance sustainability commodity supply chains by affecting where how occurs, particularly relation forests. These – form novel or moderated institutions policies, incentives, information technology can influence producers directly achieve their impacts indirectly influencing consumer, retailer processor decisions. However, evidence base for assessing these reducing negative agriculture landscapes remains limited, there has been little comparative analysis across commodities, cases, countries. Further, consensus governance mechanisms institutional arrangements best support interventions. We develop a framework analyzing chain different multiple contexts. be used comparatively analyze on respect spatial temporal scales over which they operate, groups affect, combinations upon depend. find roles depends position within chain; complementary institutions, incentives often combined; multi-stakeholder collaborations between common. discuss characterize using common language structure, aid planning interventions, facilitate evaluation structure outcomes. Studying collective experience contexts necessary generate more systematic understandings forest-agriculture