Signal design and perception in Hypocnemis antbirds: evidence for convergent evolution via social selection.

摘要: Natural selection is known to produce convergent phenotypes through mimicry or ecological adaptation. It has also been proposed that social selection—i.e., exerted by competition—may drive evolution in signals mediating interspecific communication, yet this idea remains controversial. Here, we use color spectrophotometry, acoustic analyses, and playback experiments assess the hypothesis of adaptive signal convergence two competing nonsister taxa, Hypocnemis peruviana H. subflava (Aves: Thamnophilidae). We show structure territorial songs males overlaps sympatry, with some evidence character displacement. Conversely, nonterritorial vocal visual are strikingly diagnostic, line 6.8% divergence mtDNA sequences. The same pattern variation applies females. Finally, both sexes elicit strong responses within between species, whereas a third, allopatric more closely related species (H. striata) structurally divergent weaker responses. Taken together, our results provide compelling can act across boundaries parallel taxa for space resources.