Bolting and flowering control in sugar beet: relationships and effects of gibberellin, the bolting gene B and vernalization

摘要: Background and aims Bolting, the first visible sign of reproductive transition in beets (Beta vulgaris), is controlled by dominant bolting gene B (B allele), which allows for flowering under long days (LDs, .14 h light) without prior vernalization. The B-locus carries recessive alleles (bb) sugar beet vulgaris L. spp. so that vernalization LDs are required flowering. Gibberellin growth hormones (GAs) control stem elongation development, but their role during these processes not defined. We aimed to investigate involvement GAs beet, also its relationship with requirement as defined B-gene. Methodology Plants segregating allele were treated exogenous GA4 inductive (16 non-inductive (8 photoperiods, treatment. A co-dominant polymerase chain reaction (PCR) marker was used genotype B-gene locus. Bolting dates scored, bolt heights measured appropriate. Analysis variance determine effects interactions GAs, theB on verified field. Principal results Application or could initiate independently. When absent, applied promoted growth, did only vernalized plants, irrespective photoperiod. Under LDs, height before plants carrying (BB; Bb) significantly influenced GAs. timing frequency interactive from Conclusions In GA acts independently photoperiod induce bolting. Vernalization enables action allele; hence, may directly participate vernalization-induced