Phrenic Nerve Pacing: Current Concepts

摘要: Anatomy: The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle in mammals, it a highly active with duty cycle of 30-40%, and therefore, may be particularly susceptible to inactivity or disuse (1). It innervated by phrenic nerves that arise from nerve roots C3 through C5, primarily composed fatigue-resistant slow-twitch type I fast-twitch IIa myofibers. As contracts, abdominal contents are displaced caudally, pressure increases lower ribcage expands (2). contains sensory, motor sympathetic fibers, supplies supply sensory central tendon (3). Both run along anterior scalene deep carotid sheath. right passes over brachiocephalic artery posterior subclavian vein atrium. enters at level T8 vertebrae. left also runs pericardium ventricle penetrates hemidiaphragm separately See Figures 1 2.