Automobile dependence in cities: An international comparison of urban transport and land use patterns with implications for sustainability

摘要: A comparison of global cities over the period 1980 to 1990 reveals large differences in automobile dependence with implications for future sustainability different countries. Cities United States have accelerated dramatically their on between and 1990, whereas urban transit has remained at very low levels, though some modest success stories. US levels per capita auto use that are two times higher than Australian cities, next most auto-dependent study, rates lowest world by a significant margin. Toronto, European modern Asian other hand experienced much smaller increases use; car remains lower again cities. Developing such as Bangkok, while still high international standards, experiencing rapid dependence, which is not explainable rising incomes alone. This study explores underlying land use, transport, economic reasons these transport patterns. It briefly reviews what agenda means patterns suggests suite targets or goals might measure current directions plans.