Bulk trade and maritime transport costs

摘要: Abstract Since the 1950s a transport revolution has occurred comparable to events in late nineteenth century when sailing ships was replaced by steam vessels. Freight rates for bulk products have decreased 65–70% due improved maritime technology. Formerly separate markets been unified globally. A conclusion is that low freight since early 1980s will level out future perspective. Price peaks caused political and military crises like Korean war, Suez crisis, OPEC I II also seem be of diminishing importance over time. The world market become much less sensitive external shocks many alternative sources supply routes transport.