Comparison of Modelled and Measured Tilted Solar Irradiance for Photovoltaic Applications

摘要: This work assesses the performance of five transposition models that estimate global and diffuse solar irradiance on tilted planes based horizontal irradiance. The modelled values are compared to measured one-minute from pyranometers silicon sensors at different angles Hannover (Germany) NREL (Golden, CO, USA). It can be recognized deviations model Liu Jordan, Klucher Perez measurements increases as tilt angle oriented away south direction, where they receive lower direct radiation than south-oriented surfaces. Accordingly, vertical E, W N show highest deviation. Best results found by Hay Davies Reindl, when pyranometer a constant albedo value 0.2 used. relative root mean squared difference (rRMSD) anisotropic does not exceed 11% for orientation low inclination (β = 10–60°), but reaches up 28.9% planes. For sunny locations such Golden, provides best estimates south-facing absolute (rMAD) ranges 4.2% 40° 8.7% 90° angle, used; use instead leads reduction deviation 3.9% 6.0%, respectively. higher significant increase rMAD. We also investigated uncertainty resulting using measurements, in combination with values, incident photovoltaic (PV) modules. these uncertainties small or negligible.