摘要: Measurements of the charge on individual dust grains glass and copper have been made in a double plasma device with monoenergetic primary electrons tenuous plasma. In conditions where current collected by is dominated electrons, to potential which repels electrons. The charging reduced from this value when fast are sufficiently energetic release comparable secondary addition, confinement charged has investigated evacuated electrostatic traps consisting center electrode at high within grounded enclosure. time particles orbiting conductor may be an hour or ∼105 orbits. orbits visible effects perturbations videotaped.