Evolutionary trends in the simple thalloid liverworts (Marchantiophyta, Jungermanniopsida subclass Metzgeriidae)

摘要: The phylogenetic history of and evolutionary trends within the simple thalloid liverworts (Jungermanniopsida, subclass Metzgeriidae) are reconstructed in a combined analysis molecular morphological data. dataset comprises loci from all three genomes, including trnL-F, rps4, rbcL, atpβ pshA chloroplast, SSU rRNA LSU nucleus, nad5 mitochondrion, 65 characters scored dataset. An initial that included 16 out-group 50 ingroup taxa resolved Haplomitrium/Treubiaceae clade as earliest diverging lineage ingroup. Subsequent analyses only datasets, rooted on this clade, resolve Metzgeriidae paraphyletic, with Blasiaceae sister to Marchantiopsida analyses. A datasets resolves basically same clades alone, except for resolution weak group relationship between Metzgeriineae leafy liverworts. Reconstructions character evolution topology confirm there is substantial homoplasy morphology dataset, even have been traditionally considered diagnostic hierarchial relationships, such apical cell geometry, calyptral type capsule wall thickness. Ancestral state reconstructions contradict many prevailing hypotheses hepatics, model ancestral liverwort prototype an erect, radially symmetric plant. Instead, more likely prostrate, bilaterally plant features liverwort.