THE IMPACT OF FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF TEACHING IN NORTH AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES

摘要: ABSTRACT This paper reviews recent research evidence on formative (developmental) and summative (judgemental) evaluation of teaching in North American universities. The major conclusions the review are as follows: (1) student ratings most common method evaluating universities, their popularity appears to be increasing; (2) have been found provide reliable valid information limited aspects competence; (3) evaluations make a difference decisions faculty salary, tenure promotion; (4) has shown produce modest improvements effectiveness; (5) satisfaction with practices ranges from very high low, depending institutional context; (6) there is consensus that several specific needed current system.