An Industrially Viable Catalyst System for Palladium-Catalyzed Telomerizations of 1,3-Butadiene with Alcohols

摘要: The telomerization reaction of 1,3-butadiene with alcohols to give alkyl octadienyl ethers in the presence palladium–carbene catalysts has been studied detail. Unprecedented catalyst efficiency turnover numbers (TON) up 1 500 000 and frequencies (TOF) 100 000 h−1 have obtained after optimization for methanol an excess situ generated carbene ligands. High yields (75–97 %) productivities (TON 15 000–100 000) are observed other aliphatic phenols. For comparison five carbene–palladium(0) complexes synthesized characterized by X-ray crystallography. Both electronic steric effects on stability reactivity discussed basis density functional theory calculations.