A realignment of marine biogeographic provinces with particular reference to fish distributions

摘要: Marine provinces, founded on contrasting floras or faunas, have been recognized for more than 150 years but were not consistently defined by endemism until 1974. At that time, provinces based at least a 10% and nested within biogeographic regions covered large geographic areas with biotic characteristics. Over some minor adjustments made the overall arrangement remained essentially unaltered. In many data still available, available only most widely studied vertebrates (fishes), problem is ongoing. this report we propose realignment three reasons. First, recent works provided new information to modify redefine various divisions describe ones, including Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Southern Ocean, Tropical East Pacific Northeast Pacific. Second, phylogeographic studies demonstrated genetic subdivisions between species generally corroborated taxonomic partitions, notable exception Indian–Pacific oceanic boundary. Third, original separation of warm-temperate from adjoining tropical ones has distracted their close phylogenetic relationships. Here uniting into single warm region each ocean basin, while recognizing zones. These are primarily fish distribution utilize other marine groups comparison. They intended demonstrate evolutionary relationships living biota, serve as framework establishment smaller ecological units in conservation context.