Abrupt Change in Ecological Systems: Inference and Diagnosis

摘要: Abrupt ecological changes are, by definition, those that occur over short periods of time relative to typical rates change for a given ecosystem. The potential such is growing due anthropogenic pressures, which challenges the resilience societies and ecosystems. are difficult diagnose because they can arise from variety circumstances, including rapid in external drivers (e.g., climate, or resource extraction), nonlinear responses gradual drivers, interactions among multiple disturbances. We synthesize strategies identifying causes abrupt highlight instances where likely. Diagnosing inferring causation increasingly important as society seek adapt rapid, multifaceted environmental changes.