From Gene Transfer to Risk Assessment: Experiences with Genetic Variability in Baculoviruses and New Approaches to Analyse the Reaction of Microbial Communities to Stress Factors

摘要: Two different approaches to an experimentally based risk assessment of deliberate releases genetically modified micro-organisms (GMO) are presented. First, we investigate the idea biological containment as a tool for safety assurance in particular case baculoviruses used insect control. Molecular studies on variability two granulosis virus genomes demonstrate processes recombination, transposition and duplication mechanisms gene movement variability. Thus, baculovirus genome will be exchanged with other viruses some extent, rate which is difficult determine any precision. Information potentials directions environment obligatory sound but improvements estimation its frequencies might only marginally contribute biosafety baculoviruses. An investigation potential effect new their behaviour, competiveness population dynamics considered more sensible effective choice. The application GMOs potentially result establishment genes from sources natural populations microorganisms. Then, refinement methods effects communities resulting this establishment, may seen challenge approach these biotechnology applications. This rationale our second approach, evaluate develop monitoring structure functionality microbial populations. Their analysed by determining abundance sequences coding small subunit ribosomal RNA species. We obtain fingerprints, representing heterogeneity community, separating PCR products target molecules temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE). Features method described together data indicating goal, use kind analysis monitor changes composition due stress factor, including introduction GMOs. BIOLOG system investigating oxidative catabolism set carbon presented differentiating functionality. Data single strain cultures basic features obtained determinants variation inferences multivariate statistics mentioned.