Defence and Defeat Reaction: Central Control and Peripheral Effects

摘要: Publisher Summary The physiological response patterns to emotional and environmental stimuli are phylogenetically very old. These patterns, including the defence defeat reactions activated repeatedly, though usually in mild form, on every day basis modern society. This calls for an almost continuous engagement of behavioral responses, but fortunately highly developed neocortex is able cope with such situations. In recent decades, pioneer findings have been greatly extended by a range refined techniques explorations concerning how psychosocial challenges can decisively contribute cardiovascular, metabolic immunological disturbances disorders. general, fields psychoneuroendocrinology psychoneuroimmunology expanded tremendously vast number studies add present knowledge central nervous system influence function peripheral organ systems, immune system. Regulation body organized at different hierarchical levels, where those (CNS) decisive relevance when it comes stimuli. Modern research brain plasticity has also revealed brain's remarkable ability adapt modify its structure, this probably one key explanations why adapted quite well However, due sustained combination vulnerability maybe most importantly lack recovery, quite-a-few individuals develop problems, trying stream modern, hectic life. Such situations invite more or less engagements and/or reactions, consequences both mental somatic disturbances.