The Dynamics of Fine Powders

摘要: 1 General Introduction.- 1.1 Powders: what are they?.- 1.2 Powder behavior.- 1.3 Powders in industry.- 1.4 operations.- 1.5 Origin and production of powders.- 1.6 About this book.- 2 Particle Characteristics.- 2.1 Characterization single particles.- 2.2 size distribution.- 2.3 The powder packing.- 2.4 coordination number.- 3 Mechanics at Rest.- 3.1 stress tensor.- 3.2 Two-dimensional system.- 3.3 Stress analysis three-dimensional systems.- 3.4 yield locus.- 3.5 angle repose.- 3.6 free arch.- 3.7 Incipient fluidization.- 4 Theoretical Derivation Interparticle Forces.- 4.1 4.2 Hamaker theory.- 4.3 Effect particle deformation.- 4.4 gas adsorption.- 4.5 Practical implications.- 4.5.1 cohesion.- 4.5.2 elasticity.- 5 Two-phase Systems. Equations Motion.- 5.1 5.2 Averaging variables.- 5.3 mass balances.- 5.4 momentum 5.4.1 Momentum balance the solid phase.- 5.4.2 continuous 5.5 Constitutive equations.- 5.5.1 Re ?c, Rc Rd.- 5.5.2 Fs.- 5.5.3 ?.- 5.6 buoyancy.- 6 Stability Perturbations.- 6.1 6.2 Continuity waves.- 6.3 continuity shock wave.- 6.4 a homogeneous gas-fluidized bed.- 6.5 Other theories.- 6.6 Channelling.- 7 Experiments with Homogeneous Fluidization.- 7.1 7.2 Description apparatus.- 7.3 Experimental procedure.- 7.4 results.- 7.5 effect gravity.- 7.5.1 experiments.- 7.6 Discussion conclusion.- 8 A Model Expanded Powders.- 8.1 8.2 relation between elasticity porosity.- 8.3 8.4 cohesion 9 Rheology Fluidized 9.1 9.2 Literature survey.- 9.3 9.4 Measurements.- 9.5 Conditions for stable flow.- 9.6 Evaluation measurements.- 9.7 Correlation wall velocity.- 9.8 Conclusions.- 10 Fluidization Practice.- 10.1 10.2 freely bubbling 10.2.1 collapse experiment.- 10.2.2 bubble frequency.- 10.3 Single bubbles.- 10.3.1 rising velocity bubble.- 10.3.2 Gas exchange dense 10.4 bubble-cloud mechanism.- 10.5 proof cloud 10.6 interparticle forces.- 10.7 Overall circulation.- 10.7.1 10.7.2 circulation pattern.- 10.7.3 Discussion.- 11 Handling 11.1 11.1.1 sand-glass.- 11.1.2 two-dimensional rotating Drum.- 11.1.3 Criterion fluid dynamic gas-solid interaction.- 11.1.4 11.2 Milling 11.2.1 milling model.- 11.2.2 11.2.3 Visual observation.- 11.2.4 Scaling-up.- 11.3 Mixing segregation.- 11.3.1 Experiments.