[The diurnal activity of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and snow-buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis)]

摘要: Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and snow-buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis) were observed during their period of reproduction. The flying-activity at the nest-hole was automatically recorded.The amount activity starlings feedingtime is dependent on number nestlings.The activity-pattern changes in course spring early summer: 1. At pair-time normally arrive nest-holes moring, one steep peak characteristic for this time. 2. In nest-building egg-laying morning, decreases; afternoon there an increase. 3. During incubation, nearly same whole day long, though a weak recognizable morning ("bigeminus"). 4. As soon as young birds are hatched, long they still small, adult distributed fairly uniformly throughout day. 1./8, 3./8, 5./8, 7./8 each day, however, relatively high (activitypattern with 4 peaks). 5. older grow, more adults show morning. There distinct peaks 1./8 but 3./8 5./8 become less marked. 6. fewer nestlings to be fed, higher steeper becomes relative activity-peak not absolute paek. beginning end change manner reproduction-time.During feeding-time, degree activity, middle resting-time, length bird-day, α:ϱ-quotient manner: activity-time, α: ϱ-quotient have reproduction period. resting-time shifts earlier daytime. Similarities differences between Middle-Europe, arctic, Spitsbergen discussed.