The last creature left in the swamp: the persistence and resilience of English local government

摘要: This paper is about the longevity and resilience of form local government that emerged in England nineteenth century took shape twentieth. The focuses on contrast between exibility its outer organisational a more stable central core, system political management bureaucratic control. organisation has survived reorganisations, changes functions, centralisation, privatisation, imposition quangos, governance, community governance latterly scal austerity by adapting to opportunities meeting continual need for administrative tasks at level. service rather than democratic features English ensured survival whereas other organisations, such government, voluntary sector have less capacity compete. It an extreme example path dependence.