Laser-mass spectrometry study of ultra-dense protium p(-1) with variable time-of-flight energy and flight length

摘要: Abstract Ultra-dense materials with a density of >10 28  cm −3 can probably only be formed by hydrogen atoms. deuterium D(−1) is the first ultra-dense material discovered. The second material, protium p(−1) now studied. This observed on vertical laser target surface, creeping over surface after being in source same type as used for production D(−1). Time-of-flight (TOF) spectra and time-of-flight mass-spectra (TOF-MS) from laser-induced Coulomb explosions clusters are studied, variation accelerating voltage between +500 V −300 V. Simultaneous at two different flight lengths differing factor 11 show that due to massive particles. not identical but has more complex form, giving p–p 2 distance 3.7 pm p 3 groups clusters. Two theoretically supported distances 2.3 pm, D(−1), 5.0 pm.