Recommendations for the routine sampling of diatoms for water quality assessments in Europe

摘要: Many methods for using diatoms routine monitoring of water quality have been developed in Europe and, some countries, these are being used to enforce environmental legislation. In order facilitate their wider use, particularly with respect European Union legislation, steps taken harmonize methodology. this paper, the principles and practice sampling described relation main habitat types encountered Europe. Although details programmes be tailored particular circumstances overall objectives monitoring, a number generalizations can made. Where available, rocks other hard surfaces preferred substrates described. If such substrata not then introduced ('artificial') many applications. Various successfully, so long as basic precautions Other macrophytes macroalgae may also useful under certain circumstances, although there is less consensus literature on most appropriate methods, validity comparisons between indices computed from epiphytic epilithic communities. When designing surveys, it recommended that far possible, extremes non-water factors (e.g. shade, current speed, etc) avoided, unless characteristic system investigation. Detailed guidelines epilithon Along recommendations substrata, hoped provide framework adapted river