Complete Hydatidiform Mole: Clinicopathologic Features

摘要: The trophoblast may be regarded as the first organ of developing zygote endowed from start with a rich repertoire functions.1,2 Its characteristic product, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), becomes ascertainable in maternal circulation at time implantation, about week after fertilization.3 Several steroid hormones, placental lactogen, and other pregnancy proteins are produced according to timetable (see Chapter 5). act implantation itself is largely initiated by syncytial elements dissolving burrowing into decidua, wherein small vessels soon tapped provide blood that circulates through trophoblastic spongework surrounding gestational sac (Figures 3–1, 3–2). penetration does not stop endometrial-myome-trial junction, for its extravillous elements—mainly intermediate cytotrophoblast, more fully described 5—spread within decidual bed continue connective tissue subjacent myometrium, some distance tips anchoring villi.4 In moreover, infiltrates arterioles where it partially replaces endothelium mural elements5; thus betrays propensity vascular invasion intravascular spread, which prominent both hydatidiform mole choriocarcinoma (Figure 3–3).